Lord Stanley of Preston as Governor General of Canada became a highly enthusiastic fan of ice hockey. Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreal’s 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. His sons were also enthusiastic and persuaded their father to donate a trophy to be “an outward and visible sign of the hockey championship”. Stanley sent the following message to the victory celebration for the three-time OHA champion Ottawa Hockey Club:
“I have for some time been thinking that it would be a good thing if there were a challenge cup which should be held from year to year by the champion hockey team in the Dominion [of Canada].
There does not appear to be any such outward sign of a championship at present, and considering the general interest which matches now elicit, and the importance of having the game played fairly and under rules generally recognized, I am willing to give a cup which shall be held from year to year by the winning team.
I am not quite certain that the present regulations governing the arrangement of matches give entire satisfaction, and it would be worth considering whether they could not be arranged so that each team would play once at home and once at the place where their opponents hail from.”
The AHAC was replaced by the CAHL so while the league changed, the practice of the league champion defending the Cup did not change. As regular season champions of the CAHL in 1899, the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (known today as the Stanley Cup) was to awarded to Montreal Shamrocks. But before the Shamrocks were crowned cup champion, the Montreal Victorias (the 1898 champion) played and won a cup challenge against the Winnipeg Victorias of the Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA). The result of the matches was:
On February 15, 1899 the Montreal Victorias (CAHL) won 2–1 over Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) in Montreal.
On February 18, 1899 the Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) won 3–2 over Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) in Montreal.
After defending the Challenge Cup, the Montreal Victorias lost the CAHL regular season championship to the Montreal Shamrocks. The Shamrocks then accepted and won against the Queen’s University Hockey Club of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). The result of the match was:
On March 14, 1899 the Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) won 6–2 over Queen’s University Hockey Club (OHA) in Montreal.
IceHockeyLeagues.com has created a new champion tracking table for the early days of the Stanley Cup’s Challenge Era. Winning teams are now ranked by the total number of days (called Champion Days) they held the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup for.
| Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup Championship Days to December 31, 1899 | |||||
| Team | Start | End | Challengers | # of days | total days |
| Montreal Victorias (AHAC/CAHL) | January 1, 1899 | March 3, 1899 | Defeated MHA; Lost CAHL | 59 | 1,135 |
| Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC) | — | — | — | — | 720 |
| Winnipeg Victorias (MHA) | — | — | — | — | 320 |
| Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL) | March 4, 1899 | December 31, 1899 | Won CAHL; Defeated OHA | 303 | 303 |
There are actually three Stanley Cups in existence:
Cup #1) Stanley’s original Cup from 1893, known as the “Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup” was awarded until 1970, and is now on display in the Vault Room at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto.
Cup #2) In 1963, NHL president Clarence Campbell believed that the original Cup had become too brittle to give to championship teams, so the “Presentation Cup” was created and is the well-known trophy awarded today.
Cup#3) The final Cup is a “Replica Presentation Cup”, which was created in 1993 by Montreal silversmith Louise St. Jacques and is used as a stand-in at the Hall of Fame when the Presentation Cup isn’t available.
Unlike other major league sports trophies, a new Cup isn’t made every year. Instead, after each championship, the names of the players, coaches, management, and staff of the winning team are added to the Cup. The first team to have its roster engraved was the 1906-07 Montreal Wanderers, whose names were etched within the inner bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup. The only other team names engraved on the inner bowl are the 1914-15 Vancouver Millionaires.